HAKUTO-R, two lunar exploration missions, ispace, inc., Shiba, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan

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A SpaceX Falcon 9 launch vehicle launched HAKUTO-R M1 and Lunar Flashlight from Space Launch Complex 40 (SLC-40) at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida, on 11 December 2022, at 07:38 UTC (02:38 EST). Following stage separation, Falcon 9’s first stage (B1073) landed on Landing Zone 1 (LZ-1) at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, having previously supported four missions: SES-22 and three Starlink missions. ispace’s Hakuto-R M1 is the first privately-led Japanese mission to land on the lunar surface. NASA’s Lunar Flashlight is a very small satellite developed by Jet Propulsion Laboratory that will use near-infrared lasers and an onboard spectrometer to map ice in permanently shadowed regions near the Moon’s south pole.

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ispace’s HAKUTO-R Mission 1 (M1) Lunar Lander has attempted to land on the Moon, in the Atlas Crater, on 25 April 2023, at 16:40 (UTC). HAKUTO-R M1 is the first privately-led Japanese mission designed to land on the lunar surface.
Credit: ispace
ispace HAKUTO-R Mission 1
HAKUTO-R M1 landing on the Moon
25 April 2023

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Impact Site of ispace’s HAKUTO-R Mission 1 (M1) Lunar Lander
On 25 April 2023, the HAKUTO-R M1 Lunar Lander attempted to land on the Moon, in the Atlas Crater, but the communication between the lander and the Mission Control Center was lost. On 26 April 2023, NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) spacecraft acquired ten images around the landing site. The images shows at least four prominent pieces of debris and several small changes

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A SpaceX Falcon 9 launch vehicle launched Firefly Aerospace’s Blue Ghost Mission 1 (Blue Ghost M1 lunar lander) and ispace’s Hakuto-R Mission 2 (Hakuto-R M2 RESILIENCE lunar lander) to the Moon from Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on 15 January 2025, at 06:11 UTC (01:11 EST). Following stage separation, Falcon 9’s first stage landed on the “Just Read the Instructions” droneship, stationed in the Atlantic Ocean. Falcon 9’s first stage (B1085) previously supported Crew-9, RRT-1 and 2 Starlink missions.

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ispace’s Hakuto-R Mission 2 (Hakuto-R M2 RESILIENCE lunar lander) was successfully deployed into a highly elliptical Earth orbit, approximately 93 minutes after being launched by a SpaceX Falcon 9 launch vehicle from Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on 15 January 2025, at 06:11 UTC (01:11 EST). Hakuto-R Mission 2 is ispace’s second robotic lunar lander that aims to land the RESILIENCE lunar lander in Mare Frigoris, in the northern part of the Moon.

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ispace’s Mission 2 Hakuto-R M2 RESILIENCE lunar lander attempted to land on the Moon, near the center of Mare Frigoris (Sea of Cold), on 5 June 2025, at 19:17 UTC (6 June, at 04:17 JST).

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ispace’s Mission 2 Hakuto-R M2 RESILIENCE lunar lander attempted to land on the Moon, near the centre of Mare Frigoris (Sea of Cold), on 5 June 2025, at 19:17 UTC (6 June, at 04:17 JST). On 11 June 2025, NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) captured images of the impact site.Credit: ispace/NASA/Goddard/Arizona State University

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